Could Prize-Based Competitions Help Pacific Northwest Shellfish Cope With Acidic Seawater?
As human activities continue to add greenhouse gases to the planet's atmosphere, the oceans absorb nearly one-third of all CO2 emissions. Through a series of chemical reactions, increasing CO2 levels in the ocean have caused seawater to become 30% more acidic over the past century. This process, termed "ocean acidification", can disrupt animals' abilities to smell, regulate their metabolism, and build their shells.
The Pacific Northwest region of the United States, where many economically and culturally valuable fisheries and shellfish farms exist, is especially vulnerable to ocean acidification. The shoreline that stretches from northern California to Alaska is the final destination for globally circulating seawater that accumulates nearly 1,000 years worth of CO2 from the respiration and decomposition of flora and fauna. Seasonal "upwelling" of these millennium-aged deep sea waters and additional CO2 from human activities makes them particularly acidic. Thus, understanding how these acidic waters affect the $220 million Dungeness crab fishery and the $9.4 billion mussel, clam and oyster farming industries in Washington (among many other potentially susceptible operations) is becoming increasingly urgent.
Earlier this week, four United States Congressmembers from Washington, Oregon and Alaska reintroduced a bill called the "Ocean Acidification Innovation Act". Just like its predecessor from 2017, this bill would allow federal agencies to run prize-based competitions that would increase capacity for studying ocean acidification and mitigating its impacts.
“Our coastal communities depend on a healthy shellfish and fishing industry,” says one of the bill's co-sponsors Rep. Herrera Beutler (WA-3), while another co-sponsor, Rep. Derek Kilmer (WA-6)added, “There are generations of folks in our coastal communities who have worked in fishing and shellfish growing, but that’s endangered if we don’t maintain a healthy Pacific Ocean."
This bill was developed in partnership with the XPRIZE Foundation, which uses multi-million dollar incentivized competitions to foster innovative solutions for global problems. These include improving literacy initiative, human-artificial intelligence collaborations, the conversion of carbon emissions into usable products, and developing technologies for exploring the deep sea.
“The Ocean Acidification Innovation Act’s prize competition will encourage collaboration and spur innovative strategies to mitigate and adapt to ocean acidification, " says Rep. Bonamici (OR-1), another co-sponsor of this bill, "This will help the communities, environments, and industries that rely on healthy oceans and are facing the harsh realities of rising carbon emissions.”
By: Priya Shukla
Source: Forbes